How to do research

Today we are going to learn how to make a research.

What is a research paper? 

A research paper is a piece of academic writing based on its author’s original research on a particular topic, and the analysis and interpretation of the research findings.

It can be either a term paper, a master’s thesis or a doctoral dissertation.

CHOOSE A TOPIC

Choose a topic which interests and challenges you. Your attitude towards the topic may well determine the amount of effort and enthusiasm you put into your research.

Focus on a limited aspect, e.g. narrow it down from “Religion” to “World Religion” to “Buddhism”. Obtain teacher approval for your topic before embarking on a full-scale research. If you are uncertain as to what is expected of you in completing the assignment or project, re-read your assignment sheet carefully or ASK your teacher.

Select a subject you can manage. Avoid subjects that are too technical, learned, or specialized. Avoid topics that have only a very narrow range of source materials.


STEP 2. FIND INFORMATION

Surf the Net.

For general or background information, check out 

• useful URLs
• general information online
• almanacs
• encyclopedias online
• Britannica

Use search engines and other search tools as a starting point.

Pay attention to domain name extensions such as:

•  .edu (educational institution),
•  .gov (government),
•  .org (non-profit organization). 

These sites represent institutions and tend to be more reliable, but be watchful of possible political bias in some government sites. Be selective of .com (commercial) sites. Many .com sites are excellent; however, a large number of them contain advertisements for products and nothing else. Network Solutions provides a link where you can find out what some of the other extensions stand for. Be wary of the millions of personal home pages on the Net. The quality of these personal homepages vary greatly. Learning how to evaluate websites critically and to search effectively on the Internet can help you eliminate irrelevant sites and waste less of your time.

The recent arrival of a variety of domain name extensions such as
 .biz (commercial businesses), .pro, .info (info on products /organizations), .name, .ws (WebSite), .cc (Cocos Island) or .sh (St. Helena) or .tv (Tuvalu) may create some confusion as you would not be able to tell whether a .cc or .sh or .tv site is in reality a .com, a .edu, a .gov, a .net, or a .org site.

Many of the new extensions have no registration restrictions and are available to anyone who wishes to register a distinct domain name that has not already been taken. For instance, if Books.com is unavailable, you can register as Books.ws or Books.info via a service agent such as Register.com.

Library

To find books in the Library use the OPAC (Online Public Access Catalog).

Check out other print materials available in the Library:

Almanacs, Atlases, AV Catalogs
Encyclopedias and Dictionaries
• Government Publications, Guides, Reports
• Magazines, Newspapers
• Vertical Files
• Yellow Pages, Zip or Postal Code and Telephone Directories

Mainstream  sources

Check out online resources, Web based information services, or special resource materials on CDs:

• Online reference materials (including databases, e.g. SIRS, ProQuest, eLibrary, etc.)
• Google Scholar 
• Wall Street Executive Library
• Index to Periodicals and Newspapers (e.g. MagPortal.com, OnlineNewspapers.com, etc.)
• Answers.com – an online dictionary and encyclopedia all-in-one resource that you can install on your computer free of charge and find one-click answers quickly.
• Encyclopedias (e.g.Britannica, Canadian Encyclopedia, etc.)
• Magazines and Journals
• Newspapers
• International Public Library 
• Subject Specific software (e.g. discovering authors, exploring Shakespeare, etc.)
• Check out public and university libraries, businesses, government agencies, as well as contact knowledgeable people in your community.

Read and evaluate

Bookmark your favorite Internet sites. Printout, photocopy, and take notes of relevant information.


As you gather your resources, jot down full bibliographical information (author, title, place of publication, publisher, date of publication, page numbers, URLs, creation or modification dates on Web pages, and your date of access) on your work sheet, printout, or enter the information on your laptop or desktop computer for later retrieval. If printing from the Internet, it is wise to set up the browser to print the URL and date of access for every page. Remember that an article without bibliographical information is useless since you cannot cite its source.