Abstract

Around 85 percent of plant disease are causd by fungal pathogens. Long term use of synthetic fungicides will lead to too much carcinogenic residue in soil and eventually will cause harm in terrestrial and aquatic biotic lives.

It is beneficial to find alternative ways to control the widespread of fungal diseases using environmental friendly-approaches.

The objectives of this study are:

• extract antimicrobial compounds from the leaves of Ficus deltoida

Ficus deltoidea

• determine the effect of the extracted antimicrobial compounds on the mycelial growth and spores germination of selected fungal pathogens in vitro

Two types of fungi were used is:

• Rhizoctonia solani

Rhizoctonia solani

• Ganoderma boninense

Ganoderma boninense

Mycelial growth procedure:

1. Leaves were washed and then ground.
2. Five gram of leaves powder was diluted in distiled waterand filtered using filter paper.
3. The filtrate was used to test the inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of the selected fungal pathogens using poison agar techniques in three replicates for each fungal pathogenat five different concentrations:

• 0% of leaf extracts (control)
• 5% of leaf extracts
• 10% of leaf extracts
• 15% of leaf extracts
• 20% of leaf extracts

Poisoned agar plates containing F.deltoidea extract showed inhibition of mycelial growth.

Percent inhibition of diameter growth  (PIDG) of:

• G. boninense ;55.9%; 7th day
• R. solani ;53.67%; 5th day

There was 100% inhibition occured for both G. boninense and R. solani at the concentration of:

• 10% of leaf extracts
• 15% of leaf extracts
• 20% of leaf extracts

Thus, this showed that extracts of Ficus deltoidea has the potential to be used as a bio fungicide, a safe substitute to chemical fungicides.